The instructor acts as a facilitator to encourage discussion between students, In the guided discussion, learning is achieved through the skillful use of questions. Or the instructor may remind the students of an upcoming test on the material. An instructor can most effectively maintain a high level of student motivation by. Unlike other forms of projected material, CDs and DVDs can also be played on a laptop computer, On the other hand, CDs and DVDs offer their own disadvantages. Individual maintenance instructors, as well as publishers, have compiled lists of typical questions and projects. For example, technology flight training devices and flight simulators are used by everyone from flight schools to major airlines, as well as the military. First, the material presented can be erased, allowing the surface to be used again and again; and second, the boards serve as an excellent medium for joint student-instructor activity in the classroom. More often, the assessment is formal and results recorded to certify the students progress in the course. The airlines, as well as aeronautical programs at some colleges and universities, have used similar facilities for many years, Another type of computer-based technology, virtual reality (VR), creates a sensory experience that allows a participant to believe and barely distinguish a virtual experience from a real one. SBT is a powerful tool because the future is unpredictable and there is no way to train a pilot for every combination of events that may happen in the future, Should promote situational awareness and opportunities for decision-making, Collaboration (two or more people working together) to solve problems has been used throughout time. by Telling a story or a joke that is not related in some way to the subject distracts from the lesson. If students wish to learn about a particular area, they do so by clicking the mouse on a particular portion of the screen. True performance as a professional is based on study and. The mock-up may emphasize or highlight elements or components for learning and eliminate nonessential elements, Cut-aways, another type of model, are built in sections and can be taken apart to reveal the internal structure. Research has shown that learning is an active processthe more involved students are in the process, the better they learn. For the independent instructor setting, the instructor may need to select and prepare instructional aids. For example, a lecture is a convenient way to instruct large groups. Content validity means that a particular maneuver or procedure closely mimics what is required. In these examples, the student leader or the instructor serves as a coach or facilitator who interacts with the group, as necessary, to keep it on track or to encourage everyone in the group to participate, Best used for the mastery of mental or physical skills that require practice, the demonstration-performance method is based on the principle that people "learn by doing." The main concern is to gain the attention of everyone and concentrate on the subject. For example, collaborative, student-led, instructor-led, or working group strategies are alternatives to a pure form of group learning. The tendency toward unnecessarily distracting artwork also should be avoided, Instructional aids should appeal to the student and be based on sound principles of instructional design. The instructor can use questions to determine the experience and background of the students in order to tailor the lecture to their needs, and/or to add variety, stimulate interest, and check student understanding. The examiner for the Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) is required to ask four questions in each of the subject areas, which are required by the regulations to be taught. If Class D, E, and G airspace are the only airspace types being utilized by a student, save the discussion of A, B, and C airspace until they have operating familiarity with the other types. During a classroom session, the instructor should provide students with an overview of the presentation before showing it. One way to increase retention during a lecture is to use the discussion method of training delivery, The discussion method modifies the pure lecture form by using lecture and then discussion to actively integrate the student into the learning process. [Figure 4-19], A more advanced application of computer-based training may involve less instructor control. When the instructor points to each part of the model while explaining these relationships, the students can better understand the mechanical principles involved. The effectiveness of the instructional aid is critical for this process. Research indicates that students completing cooperative learning group tasks tend to have higher test scores, higher self-esteem, improved social skills, and greater comprehension of the subjects they are studying. A participant lacking SBT instruction must search his or her memory to link a maneuver to a situation, The incorporation of SBT as part of the lesson is discussed in more detail later in this chapter, as well as in Chapter 6, Planning Instructional Activity, Decision-based objectives are designed specifically to develop pilot judgment and ADM skills. It is extremely expensive, and versions with a head-mounted display sometimes produce unfavorable side effects, For those engaged in aviation training, the challenge is staying abreast of technological changes that apply to training and adopting those that are the most useful and cost effective. An effective instructor never stops learning. When using this method, instructors should keep their own discussion to a minimum since the goal is student participation, Instructors can also use another form of discussion, the guided discussion method, to ensure the student has correctly received and interpreted subject information, The guided discussion method relies on student possession of a level of knowledge about the topic to be discussed, either through reading prior to class or a short lecture to set up the topic to be discussed. For instance, scale replicas are often very expensive. The second activity is the instructors supervision, Student performance requires students to act and do. Although some schools and independent instructors may develop their own syllabus, in practice, many instructors use a commercially developed syllabus that already has been selected by a school for use in their aviation training program. The plan should include all key points that need to be covered. Students become more involved in their own learning, and instructors may no longer occupy a center-stage position in a typical classroom setting. Basic VOR/NDB radio navigation procedures are also perishable and could save lives if proficiency is maintained. The guided discussion has three main parts: introduction, discussion, and conclusion. The revised performance-based objective may now read, "Using a sectional chart and a flight computer, plan a flight and fly from point A to point B in a Cessna 172. The desired learning outcomes should stem from the objective, Conduct adequate research to become familiar with the topic. Visual aids must be visible to the entire class. February 15, 2022 a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. In addition, e-learning often seems more enjoyable than learning from a regular classroom lecture. It is also a good idea at this time to let students know whether or not questions during the lecture are welcomed. The following four steps should be followed in the planning phase of preparation: Establishing the objective and desired outcomes, In all stages of preparing for the teaching lecture, the instructor should support any point to be covered with meaningful examples, comparisons, statistics, or testimony. A brief introductory lecture can give direction and purpose to a demonstration or prepare students for a discussion by telling them something about the subject matter to be covered, In a lecture, the instructor can present many ideas in a relatively short time. They must also hold a current ATP or commercial certificate and earn a score of more than 70% on an FAA-administered flight instructor demonstrated knowledge test. This fourth organizational pattern starts with common usage before progressing to the rarer ones. The instructor should set up and adjust the equipment and lighting beforehand and then preview the presentation. Phrases like "able to select from a list of " or "able to repeat the steps to " are better because they describe something that can be measured. The video adds a multimedia element to the lecture, is a good attention getter, and can be used to visually demonstrate the learning objective, Even the most knowledgeable instructor must properly organize the material. The student displays whatever competence has been attained, and the instructor discovers just how well the skill has been learned. Often combined with traditional task and maneuver training within a given scenario, decision-based objectives facilitate a higher level of learning and application. Time relationships are most suitable when history is an important consideration, as in tracing the development of radio navigation systems, The simple-to-complex pattern helps the instructor lead the student from simple facts or ideas to an understanding of the phenomena or concepts involved. Flight Instructor Responsibilities. discussions provide the student with increased exposure to proper decision-making, From the description of guided discussion, it is obvious this method works best in a group situation, but it can be modified for an interactive one-on-one learning situation. Use flight deck technology in a safe and appropriate way, Be confident in a wide variety of flight situations, and, The teaching process organizes the material an instructor wishes to teach in such a way that the learner understands what is being taught. The instructor provides the problem to the student, offering only limited assistance as the student solves it, but participating in finding solutions. They are easy to construct and can be produced in the same manner as pictures. Successful instructors teach their students not only how, but also why and when. Whenever possible, the instructor should use specific rather than general words. In addition, since each domain includes several educational or skill levels, training objectives may easily be adapted to a specific performance level of knowledge or skill. Lectures can be used to present information that would be difficult for the students to get in other ways, particularly if the students do not have the time required for research, or if they do not have access to reference material. [Figure 4-5] The FAA frequently reviews the test items in an attempt to maintain their validity in the current aviation environment. Regardless of the teaching or training delivery method used, the teaching process remains the same. Effective case studies require the student to use critical thinking skills, An excellent source of real-world case studies for flight instructors can be found at the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) where descriptions of more than 140,000 aviation accidents are located. The major advantage of CAL is that it is interactivethe computer responds in different ways, depending on student input. With elearning, sophisticated databases can organize vast amounts of information that can be quickly sorted, searched, found, and cross-indexed, Due to the active nature of e-learning, the overall learning process is enhanced in several ways. At the same time, it must be realized that a formal lecture is still to be preferred on some subjects and occasions, such as lectures introducing new subject matter, The instructor can achieve active student participation in the informal lecture through the use of questions. This allows the student to make decisions that fit his or her experience level and result in positive outcomes. Many scenarios were coupled to the maneuver until the student not only had the requisite skills, but also related them to many conditions where they would be needed. Frequently, good organization and natural patterns of logic dictate the sequence. Consequently, CDs and DVDs have replaced many of the projection-type instructional aids, For instructors, the convenience of CDs and DVDs is certainly an advantage. The height of usable objects is limited to the space between the top of the lowered projection plate and the body of the projector, usually about two or three inches. On the other hand, a student needs knowledge in order to build understanding of a subject, One last disadvantage of the lecture is that it does not foster attainment of certain types of learning outcome, such as motor skills, need to be perfected via hands-on practice. Through doing, students learn to follow correct procedures and to reach established standards. In its basic form, CAL is a combination of more than one instructional media, such as audio, text, graphics, and video (or film) usually shown on a PC, With CAL, the roles of both student and instructor change. The student may then conduct a review of questions missed, Some of the more advanced CAL applications allow students to progress through a series of interactive segments where the presentation varies as a result of their responses. The instructor speaks from a mental or written outline, but does not read or memorize the material to be presented. The pilot called "mayday" and during the forced landing the airplane collided with trees and the ground separating the right wing, half of the left wing, and coming to rest inverted. Whether working as an individual instructor or employed by a flight or maintenance school, the instructor must ensure that each student accomplishes a number of important benchmarks. Normally, aviation training aspires to a level of learning at the application level or higher, Standards are closely tied to objectives since they include a description of the desired knowledge, behavior, or skill stated in specific terms, along with conditions and criteria. Some models are solid and show only the outline of the object they portray, while others can be manipulated or operated, Although a model may not be a realistic copy of an actual piece of equipment, it can be used effectively in explaining operating principles of various types of equipment.