This is where many people get into trouble. How many moles of He (g) are in a 5 L storage tank filled with He at 10.5 atm pressure and 30C? How can Gay-Lussac's law can be derived from the combined gas law? Let's apply the Charles' law formula and rewrite it in a form so that we can work out the temperature: T = T / V V = 295 K 0.03 ft / 0.062 ft = 609.7 K. We can write the outcome in the more amiable form T = 336.55 C or T = 637.79 F. Like the other ideal gas laws, Avogadro's law only approximates the behavior of real gases. It does not depend on the sizes or the masses of the molecules. How many moles of methanol must react with excess oxygen to produce 5.0 L of carbon dioxide at STP? As it soars into the sky, you stop to wonder, as any physicist might, just how much internal energy there is in the helium gas that the blimp holds. Because molecules are hitting the walls of the container with less force, you need these collisions to be more frequent in order for pressure to be constant. What is the volume in liters of #6.75*10^24# molecules of ammonia gas at STP? How do you calculate the volume occupied by 64.0 grams of #CH_4# at 127C under a pressure of 1535 torr? Curious Incident of Relationships, Difference. The ideal gas law is PV = nRT, so if you know enough values, you can calculate volume (V) or the number of moles (n). How many moles of gas are in a volume of 63.3 L at STP? What Is Avogadro's Law? If you have 21 moles of gas held at a pressure of 78 ATM and a temperature of 900 k, what is the volume of the gas? The volume of a gas is 0.400 L when the pressure is 2.00 atm. You have a 1 L container of a gas at 20C and 1 atm. By entering your email address and clicking the Submit button, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy & to receive electronic communications from Dummies.com, which may include marketing promotions, news and updates. a. First, you need to insert three of the parameters, and the fourth is automatically calculated for you. Helmenstine, Todd. The Gay-Lussacs Law is expressed as: Where #P_1# stands for the initial pressure of the gas, #T_1# stands for the initial temperature, #P_2# stands for the final pressure of the gas, and #T_2# stands for the final temperature. Given the following, what will the volume of the gas inside be if the hull of the submarine breaks? Driving a car with the seat heater turned on At constant pressure, if the temperature of a gas decreases, its volume decreases According to Avogadro's law, 1 L of H2 (g) and 1 L of 02 (g) at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules When pressure, volume, and temperature are known, the ideal gas law can be used to calculate number of moles Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure? A sample of argon gas occupies a volume of 950 mL at 25.0C. At conditions of 785.0 torr of pressure and 15.0 C temperature, a gas occupies a volume of 45.5 mL. Similar questions. When Fe 2 O 3 is heated in the presence of carbon, CO 2 gas is produced, according to the equation shown below. If you happen to know how much gas you have and its volume, the calculation is easy. A gas sample at 40 degrees Celsius occupies a volume of 2.48 L. If the temperature is raised to 75 degrees Celsius, what will the volume be . Determine which law is appropriate for solving the following problem. Using at least 3 to 4 complete content related sentences, explain how the compressed gas in an aerosol can forces paint out of the can? Ten Examples KMT & Gas Laws Menu Problem #1:A 30.0 L sample of nitrogen inside a rigid, metal container at 20.0 C is placed inside an oven whose temperature is 50.0 C. What is the oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphere? Specifically, how do you explain n = m/M? Doubling the temperature, likewise doubled the pressure. What is the new volume of the gas in a #"33.0-L"# balloon that rises from an altitude with a pressure of #"100.4 kPa"# into the stratosphere where the pressure is #"21.8 kPa"#? What temperature will 215 mL of a gas at 20 C and 1 atm pressure attain when it is subject to 15 atm of pressure? True/False. What is the initial pressure of a gas having an initial temperature of 90.5 K, an initial volume of 40.3 L, a final pressure of 0.83 atm, a final temperature of 0.54 K and a final volume of 2.7 L? Whenever you are uncertain about the outcome, check this Charles' law calculator to find the answer. What will happen to the volume of a fixed mass of gas when its pressure and temperature (in Kelvin) are both doubled? Each container has a pinhole opening. answer choices .002766 mole .0069 mol 2.766 mol 9.887 mol Question 2 180 seconds Q. Helmenstine, Todd. Pressure and temperature will both increase or decrease simultaneously as long as the volume is held constant. The temperature is kept constant. . You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. What are some examples of the Boyle's law? What is the relationship between Boyle's law and the kinetic theory? Gas C exerts 110 mm Hg. He was a contributing editor at PC Magazine and was on the faculty at both MIT and Cornell. In such a case, you can quickly estimate its parameters with Omni's Boyle's law calculator! What is the molar mass of the unknown gas? What new volume does the gas occupy? What will the new pressure be? What happens to hydrogen atoms at very high temperatures? The more powerful and frequent these collisions are, the higher the pressure of the gas. Why does the air pressure inside the tires of a car increase when the car is driven? If the initial volume of the gas is 485 mL, what is the final volume of the gas? What pressure is exerted by gas D? Dummies has always stood for taking on complex concepts and making them easy to understand. C) 2.1 You can find the number of moles of helium with the ideal gas equation: Plug in the numbers and solve to find the number of moles: Now youre ready to use the equation for total kinetic energy: Putting the numbers in this equation and doing the math gives you. Simplified, this means that if you increase the temperature of a gas, the pressure rises proportionally. . What is the number of moles of H2 porudced when 23 g of sodium react with water according to the equation 2Na(s)+2H2O(l) yields 2NaOH(aq)+ H2(g), The principle that under similar pressures and temperatures, equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules is attributed to, At constant temperature and pressure, gas volume is directly proportional to the, According to Avogadro's law, 1 L of H2(g) and 1 L of O2(g) at the same temperature and pressure, The gas pressure inside a container decreases when, The standard molar volume of a gas at STP is. A balloon has a volume of 0.5 L at 20C. What is the new volume? Given a jar of gas (fixed volume and pressure) at 273.15K, the temperature is lowered to 0K, what happens to the volume? In order to find the volume of hydrogen gas (V), we need to know the number of moles of hydrogen that will be produced by the reaction. A helium balloon with an internal pressure of 1.00 atm and a volume of 4.50 L at 20.0C is released. What volume will it occupy at 40C and 1.20 atm? If 0.40 mol of a gas in a 3.7 L container is held at a pressure of 175 kPa, what is the temperature of the gas? What will its volume be at 4 atm and 25c? You know T, but whats n, the number of moles? If 57 moles of gas is held at a pressure of 5 atmospheres at a temperature of 100 Kelvin what volume would the gas occupy? What is the molar mass of the gas? How to solve the combined gas law formula? Legal. Which of the three mechanisms of heat transfer is clearly illustrated in each of the following situations ? If 15.0 g #CO_2# gas has a volume of 0.30 L at 300 K, of what is its pressure in millimeters of mercury? What is Charles' law application in real life. 5 = 1. = 2 l / 308.15 K 288.15 K answer choices (Answer in L to 3 decimal places.). Two hundred liters of gas at zero degrees Celsius are kept under a pressure of 150 kPa. A 3.50-L gas sample at 20C and a pressure of 86.7 kPa expands to a volume of 8.00 L. The final pressure of the gas is 56.7 kPa. What is the pressure in atmospheres of 0.246 gram of hydrogen gas occupying a volume of 0.0500 liters at 21.0C? What effect do these actions have on the food? A mixture of four gases exerts a total pressure of 860 mm Hg. Given a 500 m sample of H#_2# at 2.00 atm pressure. A sample of #NO_2# occupies a volume of 2.3 L at 740 mm Hg. 6 7 L. Was this answer helpful? If you wanted to predict how temperature will affect the volume of a gas, what other factor must be held constant? The pressure of the helium is slightly greater than atmospheric pressure,
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\nSo what is the total internal energy of the helium? Thats about the same energy stored in 94,000 alkaline batteries. A canister containing air has a volume of #85# #cm^3# and a pressure of #1.45# #atm# when the temperature is #310# #K#. Liquid nitrogen experiments Have you ever seen an experiment where someone puts a ball or balloon inside a container filled with liquid nitrogen and then moves outside? 2.5 L container is subject to a pressure of 0.85 atm and a b) if it's temperature changes from 25C to 35C? First of all, the Charles' law formula requires the absolute values of temperatures so we have to convert them into Kelvin: T = 35 C = 308.15 K, Its temperature is increased from a minus 73 degrees Celsius to 127 degrees Celsius. The ideal gas law is written for ideal or perfect gases. What will be the volume of the gas at STP? Always use atmosphere for pressure, liters for volume, and Kelvin for temperature. How many atoms of helium gas are in 22.4 L at STP? Science; Chemistry; Chemistry questions and answers; For a sample of gas at 25 degrees celsius, the volume was increased by a factor of 2 while the pressure was decreased to one third the original pressure. What is the new volume? Charles' law (sometimes referred to as the law of volumes) describes the relationship between the volume of a gas and its temperature when the pressure and the mass of the gas are constant. ", learn what the Charles' law formula looks like, and read how to solve thermodynamic problems with some Charles' law examples. Calculate the approximate volume of a 0.600 mol sample of gas at 15.0 degrees C and a pressure of 1.10 atm. manometer Convert the pressure 0.75 atm to mm Hg. Iron(IV) oxide, FeO2, is produced by the reaction Fe + O2 yields FeO2 (87.8 g/mol). When 0.25 mole is added: The only variable remaining is the final volume. According to Graham's law, the rates of effusion of two gases at the same temperature and pressure are inversely proportional to. What is the final volume? Explanation: Charles' Law states that when pressure is held constant, the temperature and volume of a gas are directly proportional, so that if one goes up, so does the other. At standard temperature and pressure, 1 mole of gas has what volume? https://www.thoughtco.com/avogadros-law-example-problem-607550 (accessed March 4, 2023). What will the volume be if the balloon is heated to 150C? Density is defined as mass per unit volume. This law holds true because temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance; when the kinetic energy of a gas increases, its particles collide with the container walls more rapidly and exert more pressure. the temperature expressed in Kelvin. What gas law is illustrated by this picture? We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. So what is the total internal energy of the helium? T = 15 C = 288.15 K. Then we can apply the Charles' law equation in the form where the final volume is being evaluated: V = V / T T Remember to use absolute temperature for T: The density of the gas is 2.03 g/L at 0.5 atm and 27 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is constant during the transition, it's an isothermal process. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. What is the final volume of the gas? The pressure is increased to gas 760 mm Hg at the same temperature. How do you determine the volume if 1.5 atm of gas at 20 C in a 3.0 L vessel are heated to 30 C at a pressure of 2.5 atm? Also, smaller gas particleshelium, hydrogen, and nitrogenyield better results than larger molecules, which are more likely to interact with each other. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. In the reaction represented by the equation N2(g) + 2O2(g) yields 2NO2(g), what is the volume ratio of N2 to NO2? If 20.0 g of #N_2# gas has a volume of 0.40 L and a pressure of 6.0 atm, what is its Kelvin temperature? The collection cylinder contained 151.3 mL of gas after the sample was released. Let's apply the Charles' law formula and rewrite it in a form so that we can work out the temperature: T = T / V V temperature of 15 C. What happens when a given amount of gas at a constant temperature increases in volume? What will be its volume upon cooling to 25.0 C? The enqueue operation adds an element to a queue. The volume of a gas is 27.5 mL at 22C and 740 mmHg. A gas occupies 100.0 mL at a pressure of 780 mm Hg. Helmenstine, Todd. You can use values for real gases so long as they act like ideal gases. Note: The temperature needs to be in Kelvins. When you are approaching these problems, remember to first decide on the class of the problem: Once you have isolated your approach ideal gas law problems are no more complex that the stoichiometry problems we have addressed in earlier chapters. A sample of gas occupies 21 L under a pressure of 1.3 atm. Why does a can collapse when a vacuum pump removes air from the can? By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Based on the definition of Charles' law, we can write the Charles' law equation in the following way: where V and T are the initial volume and temperature, respectively. Once moles of carbon dioxide are known, the stoichiometry of the problem can be used to directly give moles of ethane (molar mass 30.07 g mol-1), which leads directly to the mass of ethane in the sample. What volume of hydrogen gas would be produced? The ideal gas law may be used to approximate the behavior of real gases, but there is always a bit of error in the result. What will be the volume of the same gas at 745.0 torr and 30.0 C? The temperature of the gas is raised to 273 degrees Celsius and the pressure is increased to 600 kPa. The relation works best for gases held at low pressure and ordinary temperatures. You'll get an incorrect answer if you enter a temperature in Celsius or pressure in Pascals, etc. Thus, its molar volume at STP is 22.71 L. A 6.00 L sample at 25.0 C and 2.00 atm contains 0.500 mol of gas. You know T, but whats n, the number of moles? "How to Calculate the Density of a Gas." If a gas at a temperature of 25.0C has a volume of 5.21 L, what will the volume be if the gas is cooled to a temperature of -25.0C? A gas at 155 kPa and 25C has an initial volume of 1.00 L. The pressure of the gas increases to 605 kPa as the temperature is raised to 125C. What is the number of moles of gas in 20.0 L of oxygen at STP? What mass of sodium azide is necessary to produce the required volume of nitrogen at 25 C and 1 atm? = 1.8702 l. We can see that the volume decreases when we move the ball from a warmer to a cooler place. A sample of gas at 25 degrees C has a volume of 11 L and exerts a pressure of 660 mm Hg. How do you calculate the amount of ethene (in moles) in 100 cm3? Definition and Example, Calculating the Concentration of a Chemical Solution, Use Avogadro's Number to Convert Molecules to Grams, Ideal Gas Example Problem: Partial Pressure, Boyle's Law Explained With Example Problem. "Avogadro's Law Example Problem." A sample of a gas originally at 25 C and 1.00 atm pressure in a 2.5 L container is subject to a pressure of 0.85 atm and a temperature of 15 C. A sample of ideal gas has a volume of 325 L at 13.60*C and 1.60 atm. temperature of 15 C. First, find the volume. What is the volume when the pressure has increased to 75.0 cm Hg? Because the volume of carbon dioxide is measured at STP, the observed value can be converted directly into moles of carbon dioxide by dividing by 22.414 L mol1. He holds bachelor's degrees in both physics and mathematics. A sample of gas occupies 100 m L at 2 7 . A 82.7 g sample of dinitrogen monoxide is confined in a 2.0 L vessel, what is the pressure (in atm) at 115C? In Avogadro's Law what would happen to V if N is increased/decreased? A container containing 5.00 L of a gas is collected at 100 K and then allowed to expand to 20.0 L. What must the new temperature be in order to maintain the same pressure? What is the volume when the gas is dropped into the ocean to a depth such that the pressure is increased to #"60.0 bar"#? What volume will the balloon occupy at an altitude where the pressure is 0.600 atm and the temperature is -20.0 C? The hydrogen gas is collected over water at 25 degrees C. The volume of gas is 246 mL measured at 760 mm Hg. Charles' law describes the behavior of an ideal gas (gases that we can characterize by the ideal gas law equation) during an isobaric process, which means that the pressure remains constant during the transition. "Avogadro's Law Example Problem." What is the definition of standard temperature and pressure (STP)? Oxygen gas is at a temperature of 40C when it occupies a volume of 2.3 liters. What would the resulting volume be if the pressure were increased to 3.9 atm if the temperature did not change? What is the new temperature? Avogadro's law is also called Avogadro's principle or Avogadro's hypothesis. answer choices -266 degrees C How does Boyle's law relate to breathing? = 295 K 0.03 ft / 0.062 ft E) 3.0. If a gaseous system does #"230 J"# of work on its surroundings against an external pressure of #"1.70 atm"#, to what final volume does the gas expand from #"0.300 L"#? At the same temperature, what is the pressure at which the volume of the gas is 2.0 L? What is the volume occupied by 30.7 g #Cl_2#(g) at 35C and 745 torr? Well, it's not a very practical method and is probably not as precise as the common ones, but it still makes you think, what other unusual applications can you get from other everyday objects?
\nSuppose youre testing out your new helium blimp. If the temperature is increased to 130C, but the pressure is held constant, what is the new volume? Yes! A gas has a volume of 65 ml when measured at a pressure of .90 atm. What is the volume of 4.00 mol #Ar# gas at 8.25 torr and 27C? Helmenstine, Todd. ThoughtCo. The ball seems under-inflated, and somebody may think there is a hole, causing the air to leak. Using physics, can you find how much total kinetic energy there is in a certain amount of gas? Doing this check is useful because it is easy to put the initial number of moles in the numerator and the final number of moles in the denominator. What will be its volume at 15.0C and 755 mmHg? For example, the organic molecule ethane (CH3CH3) reacts with oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water according to the equation shown below: 2 CH3CH3 (g) + 7 O2 (g) 4 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (g). A 0.5 mol sample of He (g) and a 0.5 mol sample of Ne (g) are placed separately in two 10.0 L rigid containers at 25C. The pressure of the helium is slightly greater than atmospheric pressure,
\n\nSo what is the total internal energy of the helium? The totalkinetic energy formula tells you that KEtotal = (3/2)nRT. Gases A and B each exert 220 mm Hg. Take a sample of gas at STP 1 atm and 273 K and double the temperature. A sample of helium diffuses 4.57 times aster than an unknown gas diffuses. An unknown mass of ethane is allowed to react with excess oxygen and the carbon dioxide produced is separated and collected. D) 2.6 1 See answer Advertisement kenmyna The moles of the gas in the sample is 0.391 moles calculation by use of ideal gas equation, that is Pv=nRT where n is number of moles P (pressure)= 660 mmhg What are the different types of fire extinguisher? An elemental gas has a mass of 10.3 g. If the volume is 58.4 L and the pressure is 101 kPa at a temperature of 2.5 C, what is the gas? What is the pressure of the nitrogen after its temperature is increased to 50.0 C? Now, temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules. If the acid is present in excess, what mass and volume of carbon dioxide gas at STP will form? The volume increases as the number of moles increases. What is its new volume? The temperature is given in centigrade, so we need to convert into Kelvin, and we also need to convert mm Hg into atm. As it soars into the sky, you stop to wonder, as any physicist might, just how much internal energy there is in the helium gas that the blimp holds. Remember that you have to plug into the equation in a very specific way. 2 Fe2O3(s) + 3 C (s) 4 Fe (s) + 3 CO2 (g), Zn (s) + 2 HCl (aq) ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g). What happens to a gas that is enclosed in a rigid container when the temperature of the gas is increased? What volume will the gas occupy at 50.0C if the pressure remains constant? What is the volume occupied by 33.0 liters of gas at 4.0 atm after it has been compressed at constant temperature to 0.60 atm? The pressure of a sample of gas at 10.0 degrees C increases from 700. mm Hg to 900. mm Hg. What will be its volume when the pressure is changed to 760 torr at a constant temperature? What is the density, in g/L, of #CO_2# gas at 27C and 0.50 atm pressure? What will the volume of the sample of air become (at constant pressure)? With an understanding of the ideal gas laws, it is now possible to apply these principles to chemical stoichiometry problems. Before you can solve any problem regarding Avogadro's gas law, it's important to review the equation for this law. For example, zinc metal and hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride dissolved in water) react to form zinc (II) chloride and hydrogen gas according to the equation shown below: 2 HCl (aq) + Zn (s) ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g). What is the new volume of the gas? In an experiment, an unknown gas effuses at one-half the speed of oxygen gas, which has a molar mass of 32 g/mol. What is the volume of 0.153 grams of hydrogen gas at 23.0C and 88.5 kPa? What is the relationship between pressure, temperature, and volume? Whether it's to pass that big test, qualify for that big promotion or even master that cooking technique; people who rely on dummies, rely on it to learn the critical skills and relevant information necessary for success. Our stoichiometry is simply one mole of hydrogen per mole of zinc, so we need to know the number of moles of zinc that are present in 5.98 grams of zinc metal. The volume of a gas collected when the temperature is 11.0 degrees C and the pressure is 710 mm Hg measures 14.8 mL. What is its volume at STP? He was a contributing editor at PC Magazine and was on the faculty at both MIT and Cornell. Gas C exerts 110 mm Hg. The answer for the final volume is essentially the same if we converted the 1,775 torr to atmospheres: 1,775 torr1atm 760torr 1 a t m 760 t o r r =2.336 atm. If I have 5.6 liters of gas in a piston at a pressure of 1.5 atm and compress the gas until its volume is 4.8 L, what will the new pressure inside the piston be? The final volume of the gas in L is How can Boyle's law be applied to everyday life? How does the volume of the ball change? If the temperature is changed to 25C what would be the new pressure? If we took 2.00 liters of gas at 1.00 atm and compressed it to a pressure #6.00 times 10^4# (2020, August 25). Will the volume of a gas increase, decrease, or remain the same temperature is increased and the pressure is if the decreased? A sample of hydrogen has a volume of 1107 mL when the temperature is 101.9 degC and the pressure is 0.867 atm. Using Boyle's law: (1.56 atm) (7.02 L) = (2.335 atm) Vf; V f = (1.56atm)(7.02L) 2.336atm = 4.69L V f = ( 1.56 a t m) ( 7.02 L) 2.336 a t m = 4.69 L. Skill-Building Exercise If a piston moves downward in a cylinder, what happens to the volume and pressure of the gas in the cylinder? What are some practical applications of gas laws? Have you ever wondered how it is possible for it to fly and why they are equipped with fire or other heating sources on board? the unbalanced outside force from atmospheric pressure crushes the can. What pressure in Pascals will be exerted by 4.78 grams of oxygen gas in a 2.5-liter container at 20 C? He was a contributing editor at PC Magazine and was on the faculty at both MIT and Cornell. The pressure acting on 60 cubic meters of gas is raised from 236 kPa to 354 kPa. Its initial volume is equal to 2 liters, and it lies on a beach where the temperature is 35 C. What volume does 4.68 g #H_2O# occupy at STP? Without opening the container, how could you tell whether the gas is chlorine or fluorine? A) 0.38 Charles' law is the answer! The Charles' law calculator is a simple tool that describes the basic parameters of an ideal gas in an isobaric process. If the pressure doubles and the temperature decreases to 2.0C, what will be the volume of gas in the balloon? As it expands, it does 118.9 J of work on its surroundings at a constant pressure of 783 torr. Solution A #2500*m^3# volume of gas under #200*kPa# pressure is compressed to #500*kPa#. In the second problem, we heat an easily-stretched container. If the vapour density for a gas is #20#, then what is the volume of #"20 g"# of this gas at NTP? He holds bachelor's degrees in both physics and mathematics. What is the new volume? B) 2.8 What is the final temperature if the gas is cooled to a volume of 35.5 mL and a pressure of 455 mm Hg? #V_2 = ? How many grams of this gas is present this given sample? How many liters of hydrogen are needed to produce 20.L of methane? atm, what would the volume of that gas be? It may be stated: Here, k is a proportionality constant, V is the volume of a gas, and n is the number of moles of a gas. 2) Cross-multiply and divide: x = 2.61 L Example #2:4.40 L of a gas is collected at 50.0 C. A sample of gas at 25c has a volume of 11 l and exerts a pressure of 660 mm hg. \[(742\; mm\; Hg)\times \left ( \frac{1\; atm}{760\; mm\; Hg} \right )=0.976\; atm \nonumber \], \[(5.98\; g\; Zn)\times \left ( \frac{1.00\; mol}{65.39\; g\; Zn} \right )=0.0915\; mol \nonumber \], \[(0.976\; atm)\times V=(0.0915\; mol)(0.0821\; L\; atm\; mol^{-1}K^{-1})(298\; K) \nonumber \], \[V=\frac{(0.0915\; mol)(0.0821\; L\; atm\; mol^{-1}K^{-1})(298\; K)}{(0.976\; atm)}=2.29\; L \nonumber \]. 570 mm Hg Convert the pressure 2.50 atm to kPa 253 kPa Standard temperature is exactly 0 degrees C Standard pressure is exactly 1 atm A mixture of four gases exerts a total pressure of 860 mm Hg. What is the pressure if the volume is changed to 30.0mL? Check out 42 similar thermodynamics and heat calculators . #V n#, where #V# is the volume, and #n# is the number of moles. What mass of sodium azide is necessary to produce the required volume of nitrogen at 25 C and 1 atm?