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Sandoval had lit the cigarette for newly befriended Armando Garcia (name changed) and another inmate named Vicente. The process had begun for Sandoval. This simple action led to a massacre known as Bloody Sunday, and was the beginning of the 1905 Russian Revolution. Both the Texas Syndicate and Mexikanemi team up against the Barrio Azteca. One of these banks was discovered by accident by the Dsseldorf police when they were checking a travel agency "Eulinda" owned by the Albanians. Letters may have contained coded messages concerning drug trafficking or other illicit activity. These positions were, however, opening in Texas due to the loss of the veteran prison guards. Either he comes out an old man or he doesnt come out at all. This would also provide an insight into the reach of prison gangs like the Texas Syndicate towards prison guards. (Gang Intelligence 101), In April 2002, members of the Texas Syndicate murder a Tango Blast member at the J.B. Connally state prison. Unfolding in real time we're able to see exactly how the . Two guards, Joel Lambright Jr. and Alex Torres, were also charged in 1994 with murder after Sandoval was charged and convicted (Smith, 1994). This is a listing of enterprises, gangs, mafias, and syndicates that are involved in organized crime. (Hernandez v. Johnson, 108 F.3d 554 (C.A.5 (Tex. From the time that Sandoval began as a new boot in the summer of 1985 until late 1986, he began to be enveloped into a slippery process of criminal activity that began with something as commonplace as the lighting of an inmates cigarette. By 1997 the immigration had come under the control of Albanian and Italian criminal groups, tightening relationships between them The Albanians are targeting affluent central and northern areas like Lombardy , Piedmont , and Tuscany . Riggs, Robert. App., 2002), On June of 1997 Texas Syndicate and Barrio Azteca settle a truce and sign a peace agreement called the Manifesto. App., 2008), In March 2002, Raza Unida members stab a Texas Syndicate member to death at the Polunsky Unit in Livingston, Texas. These inmates came in for robberies and burglaries but had to either graduate to murder or be murdered. Texas prisons were mostly gang-free until bloody battles broke out in 1984-85 between the Mexican Mafia and Texas Syndicate as well as the Aryan Brotherhood and Mandingo Warriors. [2] The Syndicate is the oldest Texan prison gang. These allegations of internal issues of the TDCJ leveraged by Sandoval may not have been directly addressed, however, a new development became the designated base where prison officials addressed criminal concerns inside the walls of Texas prisons. Today, November 21, 2020, is 100 years since the events known as ' Bloody Sunday' in Dublin in 1920. Many of these Mexican American inmates who became prison gang members had to submit to a serious requirement for membership and could only leave the gang through their death. Osmani Brothers : According to the German Federal Intelligence Service (BND) the Osmani brothers as the "most important figures of organized crime in Hamburg and other cities in Germany" Adriatik Coli : Leader of one of the most powerful "15 families" known as " Banda e Lul Berishs" based in Durrs , Albania . The number racket controlled bookmaking and illegal gambling throughout Harlem and South Bronx making thousands of dollars a year. T hirteen people were shot dead on Bloody Sunday and ensured any hope of peace was over. Prominent Albanian Mafioso Alex Rudaj : The boss of the Albanian Mafia's Rudaj Organization based in the New York City area. Employment opportunities were not plentiful in South Texas, and so the next day, a Sunday [June 23], the newlyweds threw their possessions into a suitcase and a grocery bag, and drove Sandovals Datsun to Conroe (Draper, 1991). And all he came down with was a five-year sentence (Riggs, 2011). The history of Ireland: 11 milestone moments. First prison gang remains a force to fearThousands of Texas Syndicate members behind bars, but murder, mayhem continue. Along with this, something else was happening. The commonly known and widespread narrative goes as follows: At dawn on 9 January, a crowd of workers that were . Scholars have employed the phrase mass incarceration to explain and define this increased surge of incarceration in the U.S. that affected people of color, in particular African Americans. It was the recently formed arm of the TDCJ that investigated Sandovals involvement in the murder. Ethnicity played various roles in prisons. Links to Calabrias Mafia, the "Ndrangheta", exist in Northern Italy. ), 1997), In 1990, the Mexikanemi and Texas Syndicate agree on a truce. Home - Julian Samora Research Institute - Michigan State University (Gang Intelligence 101), In 2001, Texas Syndicate members murder ex member Hector Camacho in the Rio Grande Valley for his efforts in starting an offshoot TS chapter called Tejano Syndicato Originales (Sierra v. State, No. Plaurent "Lenti" Dervisha : On the Interpol's and FBI's most wanted list as being the leading member of a criminal organization based out of Durrs , Albania , who Albanian authorities say is the brother-in-law of Lul Berisha ;a reputed leader of one of the 15 mafia families. Formed in the California prison system in the 1970s by incarcerated Tejanos, the Texas Syndicate sought protection against Californios. In his testimony, Ortiz alleged that while in his cell with Hernandez, he was told about Sandovals role of leaving his post and leaving the door unlocked (Fair, 1991). His lawyer argued that these allegations were extremely prejudicial and are solely calculated to provoke anger and hate for the defendant by the jury. In certain ways, Fischer contended that these allegations criminalized Sandoval for illegal activities he may or may not have committed, but had not been convicted of, a process easy for Mexican Americans to succumb to and for the rest of the general population to accept (The State of Texas vs Luis H. Sandoval, 1991). Reporters tried to investigate the roots of Albanian organized crime but have complained that it is too hard to penetrate the structure and organization of the Albanian mafia, but set out that the Albanian mafia acts on the model of the Italian one, whose crime is part of the "activities of entire families" and which has a clearly defined hierarchy. Ortiz was the cellmate of John A. Hernandez, a high-ranking member of the Texas Syndicate. Alfred Shkurti (also known as Aldo Bare): The boss of one of the most notorious criminal syndicates in Albania known as the Banda e Lushnjs (The Lushnja Gang). Bloody Sunday commemorates when, in 1965, 600 people began a march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, demanding an end to discrimination in voter registration. He took over the crew sometime between 1932 and 1936, Terranova was being "put on the shelf" (meaning forced into retirement) by the new Luciano-Genovese-Costello regime of the Luciano crime family. While these prison gangs relied primarily on ethnicity and racial identity for membership, state identity informed their inclusion as well and should be noted. If an officer fails to cooperate, a gang has non-violent ways of retaliating []. Daut Kadriovski : The reputed boss of one of the 15 Families, embodies the tenacity of the top Albanian drug traffickers. Both were also newly employed prison guards, a continuation of the 1980s-increased-hiring-wave. The Morello-Terranova brothers soon started taking over the growing Little Italy in East Harlem, by using the Black Hand technique of extorting small business and running illegal gambling operations. Amidst Sandovals alleged deeper involvement with this gang activity, he faced a larger problem. The charges leveraged were allegations that Sandoval smuggled drugs into the prison, was involved in illegal drugs or an illegal drug transaction, and that Sandoval acted as a messenger or delivery boy for any gang member (The State of Texas vs Luis H. Sandoval, 1991). While the lawyers made their arguments for and against Sandovals case, Sandoval expressed the states impetus to charge him which he argued was based on an entirely different motivation. 8/21/2008) (Tex. Law enforcement authorities estimate that different Albanian mafia families may smuggle as much as 440 pounds of heroin a year into Scandinavia at any given time. It was on this day and in the following . This story illustrates the harsh reality of prison gang violence, but also the non-violent ways prison gangs influenced guards. Historically, the Mexican American population in Texas had been wrought with unfair legal and social practices that had negatively impacted this marginalized population for over a century. Eventually, he became their golden goose. We found that "Eulinda" was a cover-up for some other business, said high criminal counselor from Dsseldorf Rainer Bruckert. by C. C. Simmons. Thirteen people were shot dead and at least 15 others injured when members of the Army's Parachute Regiment opened fire on civil rights demonstrators in the Bogside - a predominantly Catholic part. When boss Vito Genovese was imprisoned in the late 1950s, various influential members began running the crime family through a ruling panel/committee . A former Texas Mexican Mafia member, Joe Morales, explained this process of escalation. He could not return to employment at the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Bloody Sunday in Derry, January 30 . But, soon after the murder of Joe Arredondo, Sandoval was charged with the crime and inmates who were allegedly present provided corroborating details. Bloody Sunday: Legacy of a fateful day in Derry lives on 50 years later. Additionally, it is also crucial to highlight why Sandoval became a prison guard in the first place. (Associated Press), On FEBRUARY 12, 2007 17 Houston area Texas Syndicate members are charged for several area murders, racketeering, armed robberies and drug trafficking. Italians. Furthermore, since the rapid growth of prison gangs in the late 1970s and early 1980s, prison gangs in Texas were responsible for several dozen homicides, hundreds of assaults on other inmates and staff, and have had a stranglehold on power in Texas prisons since then. Dubbed the king of the New York drug underworld, Ismail Lika issued a contract on Rudy Giuliani 's prosecutors in 1985. Furthermore, the ability of inmates to force the prison administrators to hear their grievances was developed from the successes of prison reform. Le Chiffre is the main villain of the 2006 James Bond film, Casino Royale , portrayed by Danish actor Mads Mikkelsen . Albanian mobsters Rexho and Luan feature in the Danish crime film Pusher III . Coppola's policy racket Michael "Trigger Mike" Coppola, was a top lieutenant in the 116th Street crew of Ciro Terranova. Even while considering the institutions perception of the strength of prison gangs, they still largely lacked broad exploration in historical scholarship. (Draper, 1991) Some inmates who testified against him were prison gang members including those who were eventually convicted of the murder. Authorities said Sandoval unlocked a door to a hallway between a chapel and recreation yard at the Ellis I Unit and then left his post so gang members could attack Arredondo (Fair, 1991). The State of Texas vs Luis H. Sandoval Case No. [1] He was also unfamiliar with the environment of a prison. Like many Mexican Americans in the U.S. Southwest, Sandoval was unacquainted with racial groups other than his own. Sandoval may have seen these interactions as encouraging, but inmates instead saw vulnerabilities and took advantage. A long, metal objecta homemade knife, or shankprotruded from his jugular. Concerning "loyalty", "honor" and family (blood relations and marriage being very important) most of the Albanian networks seem to be "old-fashioned". It however, only played a brief part of the court proceedings of Sandovals murder trial. Jessica Corbett Feb 20, 2023 Bloody Sunday, which took place on Sunday, 9 January 1905, constitutes, even today, one of the most misrepresented events in the history of Russia. It was claimed that Sandoval felt more at home with fellow Hispanics than with the Black inmates, who terrified him (Statistical Atlas, 1991). Texas Syndicate, a criminal organization whose members and associates engage in acts of violence, including murder, conspiracy to commit murder, extortion and narcotics distribution.. Like Sandoval, many inmates were both Mexican Americans and Texas residents, thus a sense of comfortability existed between inmate and guard. Perez was found stabbed approximately fifteen times in his upper torso and back (Graczyk, 1985). Correspondingly, Vasquez, Garcia, and Carrillo who were the earlier victims were all incarcerated for robbery or burglary convictions. Prison gangs used this to their advantage as they pursued a more diversionary approach to committing acts of homicide. Sandoval experienced the escalated violence in the summer of 1985 first hand as he initiated his career as a correctional officer. Securing employment, it seemed, was more important at that moment then securing a college degree. Un-published manuscript, Texas Department of Corrections, 1986. The victim, who was also a TS member was wrestled down and intentionally overdosed with a shot of heroin. He was part of the new guard that was rapidly hired which attempted to respond to overcrowding and the resignation of the old guard. Sandoval was caught in the crossfire of prison changes. In Liberty City the Albanian mob holds a stronghold in the Little Bay section of Bohan. Sandoval was charged with criminal homicide under state law that provides penalties for persons who aid in a killing but do not actually participate in the act (Buentello, 1987). His kinship and his familiarity with Mexican American inmates brought him to become close to them. Salerno based the crew out of the Palma Boys Social Club located 416 East 115th Street in East Harlem, Manhattan. He married Veronica on Saturday June 22, 1985. Jose Daniel Flores, aka "Cuate," 43, was sentenced to 360 months in prison after pleading guilty in March to intent to distribute heroin. Sandoval claimed he skipped the court date and hid out for three weeks in California because he feared prison officials. Sunday Bloody Sunday Lyrics [Intro] Yeah, mm-hm [Verse 1] I can't believe the news today Oh, I can't close my eyes and make it go away [Refrain] How long? 14764 03/20/1991 278TH Judicial District Court, Scholarships and Resources for Hispanic and Latino Students. On January 30, 1972, British soldiers stationed in the Northern Irish city of Derry opened fire on crowds of unarmed civilian protesters, killing 13, mortally wounding another, and injuring 15 others with unprecedented brutality. (Associated Press), On Austin July 2, 2001, Texas Syndicate members murder female TS associate Jove Rios for conducting business with the Mexikanemi. Bloody Sunday happened at the very beginning of 1972, which proved to be horrendous - the worst year of the Troubles, with almost 500 people killed. In the early 1960s Mike Coppola was imprisoned on tax evasion charges and followed in the footsteps of his predecessor Ciro Terranova, being put on the shelf after his release from prison in 1963. The Texas Syndicate or Syndicato Tejano was the first prison gang to heavily impact the prison system in Texas. It has 14 wells on the property starting in 01-01-1993. Once the guard had completed the innocuous task that was against the policies of the prisons, the inmate(s) continue to slowly press the guard or staff member into other obligations that eventually lead to illegal acts. Zef Mustafa : Albanian Mafia kingpin based out of New York. While Sandoval hid from authorities prior to the trial he wrote and sent a 24-page letter to his mother Delia Sandoval, whom he asked to then send it to members of the media. Released or parole members who generate money for the Texas Syndicate must surrender a 10% tax ("the dime") of all proceeds toward the gang in prison. *Alfredo Aguilar is a doctoral candidate in the department of history at Texas Tech University, References Associations principally began because of his shared ethnic background with many of the inmates, where their ethnic kinship was highlighted and then thusly exploited by the inmates. In the early 1960s, Anthony Salerno became one of the most powerful capos in the family. Garcia hoped that Sandoval would become his golden goose as he convinced Sandoval to light his cigarette (Draper, 1991). Texas Syndicate (TS) is a violent prison gang that originated in the California penal system over 40 years ago. However, there was another way in which prison gangs pursued and successfully maintained their power. Infiltration into these groups is thus very difficult. Released or parole members who generate money for the Texas Syndicate must surrender a 10% tax ("the dime") of all proceeds toward the gang in prison. The non-violent ways prison gangs wielded their multi-faceted agency beyond merely employing violent means is often overlooked. (Gang Intelligence 101), On Dec. 21, 2006, Texas Syndicate members are arrested for the contract killing of Julio A. Serrano. Deep in the bowels of the 4,000-man H. H. Coffield State Prison in east Texas, a young prisoner . Activists who gathered virtually and in person to commemorate a pivotal day in the civil rights struggle that became known as Bloody Sunday called on people to continue the fight for voting rights as they also honored giants of the civil rights movement, including the late U.S. Rep. John Lewis, who died last year. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1986, Texas Syndicate members brutally murdered 3 Mexikanemi members in the Darrington Unit in Rosharon, Texas. Immediately after the trial, the community responded. Location: Texas . How long must we sing this song? (or Syndicato Tejano) is a mostly Texas-based prison gang that includes Hispanic and at one time White members (The organization at one time did allow non-Hispanic members to join, but that policy was repealed in the 1980s). The Texas Mexican Mafia was initially formed in 1984 as a response to the predatory nature of the Texas Syndicate against non-member inmates. NPS Photo The early spring of 1965 became the turning point in the tensely-waged struggle for voting rights throughout Alabama and the "deep South." Texas Syndicate Tattoos: They had entered in the territory of Lucchese crime family in Astoria, Queens , New York, and are said to have even beaten up two made men in the Lucchese family. The Selma Bridge Crossing Jubilee marks the 56th anniversary of Bloody Sunday . Almir Rrapo : Leader of the "Krasniqi Crew" based in New York and other US cities. Historically, prison gangs had been built along strict racial guidelines regarding membership, but also for those who participated in gang activity. members in prisons and jails state-wide, with many more on the outside. In the movie " In With Thieves " A blood diamond deal goes wrong which throws Albanian Mafioso into chaos in the criminal underworld. Biden on the Anniversary of Bloody. South Texas Syndicate estimated lease property, in the most recent month of production (10-01-2022), produced 159 bbls of oil and 0 mcf of natural gas. A later inquiry unveiled an army cover-up. On a cold Sunday, the 22 nd of January, 1905, tens of thousands of workers in St. Petersburg, the capital of Russia, marched to the Tsar's splendorous Winter Palace to deliver a petition. Rent $3.99 Buy $12.99 This case began in the early 1970s through the efforts of an inmate writ-writer named David Resendez Ruz and ultimately exposed the unconstitutionality of the Texas prison system. The complicated history of Whiteness in U.S. history has been explored in the scholarship on Mexican American history but is virtually non-existent in mass incarceration scholarship. A mural in Derry commemorating Bloody Sunday. (Associated Press), In July 2007, police find the burned body of a Marcelino Mars Torres in Hidalgo County. Over thirty people lost their lives in a notorious welter of political violence, that made headlines across Ireland and across the world. PHOTO: Crowd of petitioners, led by Father Gapon, near Narva Gate, St. Petersburg. Sandovals exposure to this initial shocking experience was predicated on his need for quick employment. Germany "Ethnic Albanians" (as the German police officially calls them), no matter where they come from Albania, Republic of Macedonia, or Kosovo created for a very short time in the last decade of the century, a very powerful criminal network, says Manfred Quedzuweit, director of the Police Department for Fighting the Organized Crime in Hamburg. "The road for arms and people, meaning illegal immigrants destined for Europe, is in Albanian hands." On Jan. 30, 1972, in the Northern Ireland town of Derry, a peaceful march involving 15,000 civil-rights marchers turned violent when British troops fired on the protesters. Bloody Sunday Massacre in Russia . He also met his future wife Veronica in the tenements across the street from Texas A&I University which became Texas A&M UniversityKingsville, where Sandoval attended college for three years (Draper, 1991). Robert Riggs Reports Blood In. They are led to believe they must join a prison gang for protection and in the process of believing this, they eventually secure longer terms of incarceration. Members of other ethnic groups can be accepted only to execute certain one time or secondary jobs. The downfall of the building tenders was brought on by the success of the legal court case Ruiz v. Estelle. The murder took place in a corridor of the prison unit that was hidden from the view of prison guards. The Little Italy in lower Manhattan was under the control of Ignazio "Lupo the Wolf" Saietta, before a gang war reputed the two sides decided on joining forcing. The cycle of predatory violence against non-gang members had continued to historically breed new prison gangs. He had an arranged agreement with them where profits from drug trafficking into the prison were split between himself and the Texas Syndicate. Gonzales was a Texas Mexican Mafia member and was allegedly killed by members of the Texas Syndicate (Buentello, 1986). Fields such as criminal justice, sociology, and criminology have provided vast research into prison gangs, and more specifically Mexican American prison gangs. Sandovals Early Beginnings They are used for the transfer of money from Germany which amounts to a billion of D-marks a year. It was established in the 1960's at Folsom Prison in California in direct response to the other California prison gangs (notably the Aryan Brotherhood and Mexican Mafia), which were attempting to prey on native Texas inmates. Sandoval also highlighted the racial issues that Mexican American prison staff faced. Accessed on October 10, 2018. https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/a-guard-in-gangland/ They start rumors to your supervisor that youre bringing in drugs, or theyll bring bogus grievances against you, Ware said. Prison gangs commit homicides and assaults to establish dominance. H. Christoph/ullstein bild/Getty Images Young man shot by the British military on Bloody Sunday. The only known members are Dardan Petrela, Kalem Vulaj, and Bledar Morina. Then, through negotiations or in armed showdowns, the Albanians struck out on their own, daring to battle the Lucchese and Gambino families for territory in Queens, the Bronx and Westchester County, prosecutors say." He was eventually terminated from the Texas Department of Corrections. 116th Street Crew The 116th Street crew, also known as the Uptown crew, is a powerful crew within the Genovese crime family. In Del Rio, a federal judge sentenced 29 Uvalde/Hondo-area Texas Syndicate (TS) members over the past two weeks to federal prison, including four defendants to life imprisonment, for various racketeering and drug trafficking offenses committed in Uvalde, San Antonio and the surrounding areas announced United States Attorney Richard L. Durbin, The Texas Syndicate, more than La Eme or Nuestra Familia, has been more associated or allied with Mexican immigrant prisoners, such as the "Border Brothers", while La Eme and the NF tend to be more composed of US-born/raised Hispanics. Russians. Bloody Sunday Brian Lawless/PA By Mike McBride & David Wilson BBC News NI Relatives of those killed on Bloody Sunday have been remembering their loved ones on the 50th anniversary. The jurors in Sandovals trial werent convinced that Sandoval worked for or with the gang in any way (McKay, 1991). The Aztecas murder their TS victim by slamming his head through jail bars. He was digging himself deeper into their clutches and soon found himself processing a money order of two hundred and fifty dollars and was paid a percentage of that. Belgium The Albanian mafia has deep roots in Belgium, which was recently a topic of a special programme on Belgian RTBF Channel One. In the French movie The Nest the plot centers around an Albanian mob boss in police custody being escorted to The Hague. Caught with at least $125 million in heroin, Lika issued a $400,000 contract on the prosecutor Alan Cohen and the detective Jack Delemore, both placed under protective custody. The Boston College Irish Studies program will mark the 50th anniversary of "Bloody Sunday"a tragic milestone in the decades-long Northern Irish conflict, "The Troubles"with a symposium on February 18 and 19 that will examine the events of the fatal day and its legacy. In Games The videogame Grand Theft Auto IV features the "Petrela gang" a small crew of Albanian shylocks and goods smugglers. The video of the event shocked the country and . Sandovals whole experience within Texas prisons was encased within these various historical processes. With the Texas prison administration on alert with the rise of homicides, unit officials had to respond quickly to disturbances. Sandovals lawyer Steve Fischer argued for their removal from the murder trial. Krasniqi Brothers : Bruno Krasniqi and Saimir Krasniqi; leaders of an international crime organization engaged in murder, kidnapping, narcotics trafficking and other illegal activities in Albania and the U.S. Myfit (Mike) Dika : Former drug kingpin of the Balkan Criminal Enterprises; an international criminal organization which spanned from Canada , the United States , to Europe .