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, The custody rate is the proportion of all offenders sentenced to immediate custody, out of all sentencing outcomes. Youth custody report and data for February 2018 published. , A single individual (includes people and companies) can be counted more than once in a year if they are dealt with by the CJS on more than one occasion. Young females had higher levels of FSM eligibility across all disposals, except for fines, compared to young males. This proportion has remained very similar over the last 5-year period. It considers how these experiences have changed over time and how they contrast to the typical experiences of males. Adults of both sexes aged 16-24 reported the highest prevalence of personal crime in 2019/20, with the proportion generally /decreasing with increasing age. Theft from shops was the most common indictable offence for which 34% of females and 14% of males were convicted in 2019. The summary offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were[footnote 115]: TV licence evasion females made up 74% of the 114,000 convictions in 2019, up 3 pp from 2015. Figure 8.02 Change in female prosecutions for indictable offences, by offence group England and Wales, 2015 to 2019, Figure 8.02: Summary offences with the highest proportion of female convictions, England and Wales, 2019. First time offenders accounted for 24% of offenders who were cautioned or convicted In England and Wales in 2019, of which 78% were male and 22% females[footnote 88]. When comparing sentencing outcomes for male and female offenders, a consistently larger proportion of male offenders receive custodial sentences whereas larger proportions of female offenders receive community sentences or a conditional discharge. , See technical guide for more information on PNDs. Youth custody report for February 2017 published. In 2019, 74% of individuals dealt with by the Criminal Justice System were male, and 26% were female. The most recent annual reoffending data available is for the 2017/18 (i.e. The proportion of adults who experienced violent crime generally decreased with increasing age. Of all female offenders cautioned or convicted in 2019, 35% were first time offenders, compared to 22% for males. , Individuals with known sex. , Individuals self-harming rates are derived by 1,000 x (number of individual in year)/(average monthly population for year). A BBC report suggested that in 2011 men accounted for just 8% of the UK's single parents. As at 30 June 2019, 15% of females and 6% of males were serving sentences of less than 12 months. In the same period, 16% of court reports prepared were for females, a proportion which has remained consistent in the last five years. In 2019, 46% of children remanded at Crown Court for indictable offences were remanded in custody. Court judges have seen similar increases to 26% female staff, largely driven by High Court Judge appointments. Twenty-nine percent of fathers see their children, 1-4 times a month. This report is also accompanied by an infographic summarising key findings. Youth custody data - February 2014 published. , We were only able to match data on those children who are both in DfE and MoJ datasets so cannot provide analysis specifically for non-offenders with these characteristics. The proportion of PNDs issued to females was stable at 22% until 2018 when it fell to 19% and then to 18% in 2019. Isn't It Gender Discrimination? All data refers to this age group throughout the section, unless stated otherwise. This chapter explores the nature, extent and risks of victimisation, as reported in the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW): year ending March 2020[footnote 2][footnote 3][footnote 4][footnote 5], Homicide in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, and associated publications including Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, and the Nature of Violent Crime in England and Wales: year ending March 2019. Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/cautioned, a larger proportion of young males (14%) had been permanently excluded compared to young females (10%). , Where sex is known. , Where there were multiple offences on the same occasion, only the primary offence as recorded on the Police National Computer (PNC) would be counted. This chapter explores outcomes for defendants in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) predominantly drawing on data from the Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019 publication. In this section, all analysis looks at those in the matched offender cohort who were eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) and/or had Special Education Needs (SEN), at any point during KS4. This was significantly higher than the 3.4% of female adult victims in the same year (no significant change from 3.7% the previous year). Females were typically dealt with for less severe offences at court. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who were victims of personal crime, by type, year ending March 2019. Conviction ratios were higher for summary offences and as a higher proportion of female offences were summary, this in part explains the higher conviction ratio for female offenders. Intimate violence refers to a range of physical and non-physical abuse including domestic abuse, sexual assault and stalking. The proportion of convicted offenders who were female was 27% in 2019 and has remained stable over the last 5 years. Throughout this report we refer to sex rather than gender, because the binary classification better reflects how individuals are generally reported or managed through the CJS. They have been excluded from all analyses in this chapter. Youth custody data for July 2015 published. Figure 7.01 Proportion of prosecutions for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. The purpose of this study was to further our understanding of what child custody evaluators and Finally, children from broken common-law unions (84 percent), as well as children from Quebec (87 percent), were most likely to remain in the custody of their mothers, and there is possibly a link between these two results. A higher proportion of females also reported having a child under 18. In the absence of any court outcome, the principal suspect is either the person considered by the police to be the most involved in the homicide or the suspect with the closest relationship to the victim. Overall, over half of young offenders sentenced or cautioned in the matched cohort had SEN without a statement, 61% for young females and 60% for young males. Amongst those receiving cautions, discharges and fines, a greater proportion of young female offenders attained 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English and Maths, than the young male group. , These are sourced from linked magistrates courts and Crown Court administrative data systems with a match rate of around 90%. The largest difference between genders in proportions of persistent absence was seen for those who were dealt with by a community penalty. Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. Figure 5.11: Proportion of offenders sentenced for indictable offences, by sentencing outcome and sex, 2019, Sentence lengths and average custodial sentence length (ACSL). In the 2019/20 HM Inspectorate of Prisons survey, females reported significantly more negative results for questions related to problems on arrival at prison. , Bespoke analysis can be found in the Chapter 3: Victims Tables published alongside this report. , Other demographic data, such as age and ethnicity, are available in the Crime in England and Wales Annual Trend and Demographic Tables. Of all female prosecutions, 56% were brought forward by a prosecuting authority other than the police, compared to 23% for male defendants. Of all sexual offences, indecent exposure and unwanted touching had the highest prevalence rate. , Please note that the spacing of the time period displayed does not align with the actual time scale, for example the time between sentenced to custody for 0-1 month is smaller than 6 to 12 months. Youth custody data - October data published. There is a glossary that explains the definition of each disposal in the technical guide, along with a summary of the data share. Youth Custody Report for July 2013 published. Key Child Custody Statistics 2023 Approximately 29% of child custody decisions are made without mediators or court hearings. This is particularly true in relation to the most serious offence types and sentences, though patterns by sex vary between individual offences. Please note that the data for the Open Data for June 2021 has been amended. The highest frequency rate was observed amongst female offenders aged 30 to 34, at 4.83, whilst for male offenders, it was highest in both the 30-34 and 35-39 age groups, at 4.44 reoffences per reoffender. As per the reports presented by the Custodial Mothers & Fathers and the Child Support (2015), the statistics presented by the United States Census Bureau indicated that there are around 13.7 million single parents in the United States. The given number currently represents about . The number of children prosecuted for indictable offences has fallen by 29% since 2015, compared to the 25% decrease seen in adult prosecutions. Defendants with unknown or not stated sex accounted for 10% of all prosecutions in 2019. The figure was higher for custodial fathers at 54.6%. Youth custody data report for June 2014 published. April 2017 to March 2018) offender cohort. It covers statistics on arrests and detentions under the Mental Health Act (1983), which are published by the Home Office in the Police Powers and Procedures, England and Wales, year ending 31 March 2020 publication. Other increases included a 3 percentage point increase in both magistrates and HMPPS (excluding probation) to 56% and 40%, respectively. The female majority in Magistrates Court staff has continued to increase, also, recorded at 56% in 2020. , The detailed results of the survey can be found in the offenders under supervision or in custody tables. Of all female defendants prosecuted at court, 55% were prosecuted for summary non-motoring offences compared to 29% of male defendants in the latest year. Youth custody report for April 2015 published. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. , If enforcement officers suspect a household of watching or recording live TV without a valid licence and are not able to contact anyone at the property by letter or by telephone, they visit the household in person. Youth Custody report for June 2013 published. You have rejected additional cookies. , Analysis of attainment data focuses on those sentenced/cautioned that were at the end of KS4 in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 academic years. Divorce Rate by Gender; The Rate of Divorce by Age; . There is only ever one principal suspect per homicide victim. 4% of crime higher legal aid clients had an unstated sex. Following prosecution, defendants found guilty are subsequently convicted and sentenced. A 2.6 pp increase over the last five years brought female representation among in-post police officers up to 31% in 2019. Likewise, only slight changes have been seen since 2015 regarding female representation in CPS staff (65% in 2015; 66% in 2019). separation. Over the last 5 years, the number of individual formally dealt with has decreased but the proportions have remained constant. , The cautioning rate is the number of offenders who were given a caution divided by the number who were either cautioned or convicted (excluding summary motoring offences). This chapter explores the activity of the police, by the sex of the suspect or offender they deal with. In 2019/20, violence against the person and theft offences accounted for the largest proportion of arrests for both males and females. Youth custody report and data for January 2018 published. The difference was greatest amongst those receiving fines, where a greater proportion of young females attained this level (22%) than the young male group (15%). Previously mothers had no rights at all over their children if the marriage broke down. Of those remanded in custody at magistrates court in 2019, 65% of male defendants were sent for trial or sentencing at Crown Court, compared to 50% of female defendants. TV licence evasion was the most common offence for which females were convicted in 2019. Among young males who were dealt with by a suspended sentence, 82% had a record of fixed period exclusion, compared to 59% of young females; a 24 percentage point difference. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. Youth custody data for January 2017 published. A greater proportion of female offenders are sentenced for offences that tend to receive shorter sentences. The most common sentence for indictable benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 51% of females and 53% of males sentenced in 2019. The number of TVLEO prosecutions has decreased for both female (down 30%) and male (down 37%) defendants since 2015, although the decrease between 2018 and 2019 was negligible compared to previous years. , A SEN statement is a document which sets out a childs SEN and any additional help that the child should receive. [A pupil may be excluded for one or more fixed periods up to a maximum of 45 school days in a single academic year. In 2019/20, 3.9% of males were victim to personal. , Proven reoffending statistics are reported based on cohorts of offenders who are released from custody, received a non-custodial conviction at court, or received a caution within a three-month period. Ministry of Justice, 3rd Floor, 10 South Colonnade, London, E14 4PU, General enquiries about the statistical work of the Ministry of Justice can be e-mailed to: ESD@justice.gov.uk, The structure and content of this report is continually being reviewed to reflect user requirements. For both young males and young females in the matched cohort, those who were sentenced to custody for 12 months or less had the lowest proportion attaining 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G. Figure 7.08 shows that across most disposal types, a greater proportion of young females attained this level than young males. Over the last 5 years, a higher proportion of males were bailed or remanded in custody. The proportion of female children remanded in custody (17%) was lower than male children (48%). This varies by offence type, females accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions for summary offences (29%) than indictable offences (14%). ONS data from 2012 shows that of the UK's 400,000 single parent families, only 13.5% of these (54,000) are single dads. Across all disposals, a larger proportion of young males had a record of receiving a fixed period exclusion compared to young females. Female representation among court judges continued to steadily increase, similarly to the last five years (28% in 2016; 32% in 2020). To meet these commitments, all of our statistical publications will: Ensure that the need for major revisions for any series are pre-announced on the Ministry of Justice website. 19.30This breakdown has remained relatively constant over the last 5 years. At 53%, oral fast delivery PSRs[footnote 53] were more common, especially for females (females 60%, males 52%), while standard PSRs[footnote 54], which are given for more serious offences, were much less common and were given proportionally more often to male offenders (4%) compared with female offenders (1%). The defendant can be directed to appear in court or remanded on bail or custody. The majority (95%) of the prison population were male. For each offence, the proportion of those who were sentenced to immediate custody was lower for female offenders than for males. Statistically, it appears that the family courts in the United States are biased against fathers. , Excluding companies and those of unknown sex, which accounted for 10% of the total number of defendants in 2019. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. The proportion of female legal aid recipients in the Crown Court was lower with 10% of the crime higher legal aid workload in 2019[footnote 42]. Please send any comments to: datausers@justice.gov.uk. Compared to male offenders, a larger proportion of females were given suspended sentences. For example, 52% of young females who received a suspended sentence had 5 or more GCSEs graded A* to G, compared to 44% of young males. , Following the Transforming Rehabilitation reforms to probation and creation and subsequent transfer of the National Probation Service (NPS) into NOMS on 1 June 2014, it is not possible to make a direct comparison to previous years for probation staff. Violent crime was reported by a higher proportion of males (2.1%) than females (1.4%) in 2018/19. For more detailed analysis on out of court disposals, see Chapter 4: Police Activity. As with PNDs, a larger proportion of female offenders were cautioned for theft offences (19% compared to 10% for males) whereas a larger proportion of male offenders were cautioned for drug offences (27% compared to 13% for females). We will provide further updates regarding the availability of a consistent back series in subsequent Criminal Court Statistics publications[footnote 44]. In 2019/20, 27.6% of females aged 16-74 reported being victims of domestic abuse once or more since age 16, double that of males (13.8%)[footnote 17]. Personal crime is defined by the CSEW as comprising of all violence and thefts. Females of all age groups were more likely to experience domestic abuse than males. , See the Families and Households 2019 dataset for further information on household types. , Published figures for self-harm in prison can be found in Safety in Custody Statistics. in the 14 years to March 2019, the number of young people in youth custody went down in every ethnic group. , A young person may be eligible to claim for FSM if they or their family meet certain criteria related to their income and benefits received. Receipt of subsequent information which alters our understanding of previous periods (for example late recording on one of the administrative IT systems used operationally). These include: National liaison and diversion services data from NHS England, Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). , Standard PSR A standard delivery (adjourned) Pre-Sentence Report is based on a full risk assessment and is suitable for medium and high seriousness cases and/or where a custody is being considered. 41% of females received a suspended sentence for this offence, compared with 20% of males. Figure 5.02: Individuals dealt with formally by the CJS, by sex, 2015 to 2019. More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. The study relied solely on electronically available published opinions in child custody cases (n = 4,338). Of all females sentenced in 2019, Black female offenders had the highest custody rate[footnote 75] at 23%. This is largely due to the introduction of the offence of assaulting an emergency worker in 2018, for which 3,300 females were prosecuted in 2019. Prison law comprised less than 1% of the female and 3% of the male workload; both proportions have remained steady in the last 5 years but reflect falling prison population figures. Youth custody data for October 2017 published. A higher proportion of female offenders were first time offenders, compared to males. And while a bias against men in child custody cases has been around for decades, let's explain why this is happening from a legal perspective. Males were serving longer custodial sentence length. Senior police officers increased their female representation to 27% in 2020, from 23% five years ago. Remands at magistrates court followed similar trends to police remands over the last 5 years, with lower proportions of female defendants bailed or remanded in custody. Significantly more females were victim to theft from the person, than males. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. This idea was developed in the 1980s by Richard Gardner, a crank psychiatrist who thought child sexual abuse is not necessarily traumatic, and that mothers who don't fulfil their partners. Where a source is not National Statistics, users should consider this when making judgements about the weight that can be put on related findings. The median time from charge for first listing decreased for females (down 12%) but increased for males (up 15%). For females, this was followed by strangulation, asphyxiation (17%), and, for males, hitting, kicking, etc. (18%).