Boiler plates have been thrown up to a quarter of a mile (Hewison, Rolt). Parliament. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. -SS Helen McGregor, Boiler Explosion, Memphis, TN, February 1830. They decide not to follow the. (Includes Discussion), https://archive.org/details/lloydssteamboatd00lloy, Report of the Special Committee: Catastrophe In Hague Street, The Fireman's Own Book, Chapter: Explosion and Fire in Hague Street, The Annual Register, Entry for July 15, 1854: Terrific Boiler Explosion At Rochdale, The Annual Register, Entry for June 9, 1869, This Southern Steamboat Had A Tragic Ending, La Horrorosa Catstrofe de Medina (The terrible disaster of Medina), Ministry of Culture of Spain historic newspaper server, Railroad Recollections: More About Engine 1642 Explosion, BOILERBLAST SUIT ASKS $8.2 MILLION; 10 Sue in '62 Phone Building Explosion Fatal to 23, Steam Locomotive Firebox Explosion on the Gettysburg Railroad Near Gardners, Pennsylvania June 16, 1995, http://www.nlsme.co.uk/Articles/Boiler_Explosion.pdf, Steam Engine Blast At Ohio Fairgrounds Leaves 4 Men Dead, The Final Report on the Tragedy at the Medina County Fairgrounds - Steam Engines - Steam Traction, 4th victim who died from boiler blast near Soulard remembered as hard worker; funds set up for families, 2 new employees filling out paperwork among dead in St. Louis boiler explosion, Useful Information For Engineers, Lecture III "On Boiler Explosions: The remedies applicable for the prevention of accidents arising from explosions" and Appendix IV "Association for the Prevention of Steam Boiler Explosions", Proceedings of the Council of the Governor of Bombay, Fire Insurance, Chapter XIX. Catastrophes occurred almost daily as thousands died. A Boiler: The Explosive Potential of a Bomb, Acoustic Emission Examination of Metal Pressure Vessels, Anatomy of a Catastrophic Boiler Accident, Black Liquor Recovery Boilers - An Introduction, Boiler Efficiency and Steam Quality: The Challenge of Creating Quality Steam Using Existing Boiler Efficiencies, Boiler/Burner Combustion Air Supply Requirements and Maintenance, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Preventable With Complete Inspection, Combustion Air Requirements:The Forgotten Element In Boiler Rooms, Description of Construction and Inspection Procedure for Steam Locomotive and Fire Tube Boilers, Ensuring Safe Operation Of Vessels With Quick-Opening Closures, Factors Affecting Inservice Cracking of Weld Zone in Corrosive Service, Finite Element Analysis of Pressure Vessels, Identifying Pressure Vessel Nozzle Problems, Inspection, Repair, and Alteration of Yankee Dryers, Maintaining Proper Boiler Inspections Through Proper Relationships, Organizing A Vessel, Tank, and Piping Inspection Program, Paper Machine Failure Investigation: Inspection Requirements Should Be Changed For Dryer Can, Pipe Support Performance as It Applies to Power Plant Safety and Reliability, Polymer Use for Boilers and Pressure Vessels, Preventing Steam/Condensate System Accidents, Proper Boiler Care Makes Good Business Sense: Safety Precautions for Drycleaning Businesses. One type is a failure of the pressure parts of the steam and water sides. Corrosion along the edges of lap joints was a common cause of early boiler explosions. Steam pressures were regularly cranked up to produce additional work. 4x5 inch glass negative. -- a little over a week ago, a boiler explosion occurred at Lee . Maharashtra, India. -Givaudan Corporation, Delawanna Avenue, Clifton, New Jersey: Portable Fire Tube Boiler Explosion (1990s). Minor explosions, commonly know as deflagration, puffs, flarebacks, or . The potential energy of the escaping steam and water are now transformed into work, just as they would have done in an engine; with enough force to peel back the material around the break, severely distorting the shape of the plate which was formerly held in place by stays, or self-supported by its original cylindrical shape. If a human hand were to reach up unsuspectingly, trying to detect the steam, it too, could be cut by superheated steam! More importantly, these acts and this new empowerment of the federal government set the precedent for its future role in consumer protection through the regulation ofprivate enterprise, paving the wayforfederal agencies like the Food and Drug Administration . Email:enquiry@rakhoh.com, RAKHOH BOILERSS-11, T Block, M.I.D.C.,Bhosari, PUNE - 411 026. The Pennsylvania was a side wheeler steamboat which suffered a boiler explosion in the Mississippi River and sank at Ship Island near Memphis, Tennessee, on June 13, 1858. The second type is the collapse of the firebox under steam pressure from the adjoining boiler, releasing flames and hot gases into the cab. However, the explosive potential is ever present and very real, especially if regular maintenance and repair are ignored. However in the 20th century such explosions have been few and far between on the steam side which is what I believe the OP means? Provided for the inspection of steam boilers in and around, The first boiler insurance company in the U.S. is established in. Boston Stamping Company, under Seavey & Co. Hemingway Paint & Colour Manufacturers boiler explosion, British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT), IMechE formed, emphasizing the importance of specialized mechanical knowledge, particularly with respect to steam power (i.e., see also. They survived into LMS ownership in 1923 and the last one was withdrawn in 1933. List of locomotive boiler explosions In 1828, the boiler of Locomotive No.1 exploded, killing the driver. It can then be understood that a few hundred, or even a few thousand pounds of water moving at the same velocity inside a boiler shell can easily blow out a tube sheet, collapse a firebox, even toss the entire boiler a surprising distance through reaction as the water exits the boiler, like the recoil of a heavy cannon firing a ball. The number one way to prevent a boiler explosion is to ensure that the boiler is regularly inspected and maintained by trained individuals. 7. View full size. JSTOR (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article contains a list of steam boiler explosions such as railway locomotive , marine transport (military and civilian), and stationary power. Break or open this boiler to the atmosphere, x 1,800 = 360,000 instant PSI 100 lbs Boiler Pressure = 180,000 lbs. An estimated 1,700 passengers were killed when one of the ship's four boilers exploded and the Sultana sank not far from Memphis, Tennessee. That incident resulted in 58 deaths and 117 injuries and completely leveled the factory. Although the boiler explosion rate is rare compared to boiler installations annually worldwide, it does not entirely eliminate the possibility of boiler explosion. An excess of steam was often cited. These are boilers which are built at a factory then shipped out as a complete unit to the job site. Boiler explosions are destructive failures of steam boilers. Three Employees Incur Burns And Concussion From Steam Releas. Maharashtra, India. A boiler explosion, triggering a magazine detonation, was perhaps the most obvious possibility. -Ford's River Rouge Plant, Dearborn, Michigan, Gas Boiler explosion, 6 killed 2/1/1999. -Givaudan Corporation, Delawanna Avenue, Clifton, New Jersey: Portable Fire Tube Boiler Explosion (1990s). -SS Helen McGregor, Boiler Explosion, Memphis, TN, February 1830. 10/15/2021. A furnace explosion is usually the result of ignition and instantaneous combustion of highly flammable gas, vapor, or dust that has accumulated in a boiler. The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway(L&YR)class8 was a four-cylinder 4-6-0 express passenger locomotive designed by George Hughes introduced in 1908. This article contains a list of steam boiler explosions such as railway locomotive, marine transport (military and civilian), and stationary power. The abovementioned Select Committee reported the causes of boiler explosions in 1861-70 as follows: defects in construction 40%, defects of shell and fittings 29%, defects in rivets 15%, low water level 10%, scale formation and related red-hot 3%. Preventing a Boiler Explosion. [23] Fox's Regimental Losses reports 29 killed. The Midland Railway 2511 Class was a class of 2-6-0 steam locomotives built by the Schenectady Locomotive Works in the United States, as a supplemental order to the 2501 Class built by Baldwin that same year. The Causes of Boiler Explosions* The Majority of Accidents are Traceable to Poor Design and Careless Operation BROADLY speaking, there is one explanation for all boiler explosions; namely, the boiler or some part of it is too weak to withstand the stress brought upon it. +9120 - 66308333
Boiler explosions can result from a number of factors. A later investigation concluded that the 26,000-pound (12,000kg) vessel had jumped 9 feet 1 inch (2.77 m) and the upper control rod drive mechanisms had struck the ceiling of the reactor building prior to settling back into its original location"[12]. The Glasgow and South Western Railway (GSWR) 45 class is a class of eleven 2-2-2 steam locomotives designed in 1865, an enlarged version of his 40 class intended for express passenger duties. A common cause of explosion is the runaway firing condition that takes place when the boiler's burner does not shut off. For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for List of boiler explosions . The next day the boiler of the tow-boat Baltic exploded in Mobile Bay, killing and fatally injuring several people. In Manchester, the "Association for the Prevention of Steam Boiler Explosions, and for effecting Economy in the Raising and Use of Steam" is formed and, eschewing direct regulation, advocates creation of trained inspectors. While investing in steam boilers, plant managers ensure that the boiler promises efficiency, reliability, optimal combustion, and steam quality. Of the 13 firebox collapses, four were due to broken stays, one to scale buildup on the firebox, and the rest were due to low water level. KMOV. For a short status of European steam users' associations and boiler insurance companies c. 1897, see Hale . The reactor did not explode, nor did the vessel rupture. And as a complicating factor, each state or province has its own inspection rules, and most apply only to commercial operations of a certain size or to water heaters or steam heat systems in dwellings that hold four or more housing units. The steam is under immense pressure that requires precise operating methods to prevent boiler explosion. The last three of the latter batch were soon rebuilt as 0-4-2ST crane tanks. Yet another approach to examine the potential explosive force is the flashpoint conversion factor for water to steam. Boiler explosions are destructive failures of steam boilers. When this amount of explosive force is unleashed in a basement or utility closet, the shock wave created by the explosion carries dirt, debris, ceiling, pipe, darkness, and burning temperatures in all directions with tremendous force. In particular, grooves could occur along horizontal seams (lap joints) below water level. If the stays fail the firebox will explode inwards. The result is a boiler unit which is less prone to catastrophic accidents. During normal operation, the liquid water remains in the bottom of the boiler due to gravity, steam bubbles rise through the liquid water and collect at the top for use until saturation pressure is reached, then the boiling stops. After extensive research on boiler explosion accidents and causes behind boiler blasts,we collected few steam boiler safety precautions & tips for boiler maintenance staff. Railroad passengers were rarely harmed by boiler explosions. In all applications, maintaining the proper water level is essential for safe operation. "[3], "Cause.-Boiler explosions are always due to the fact that some part of the boiler is, for some reason, too weak to withstand the pressure to which it is subjected. Later that day, tugboats pushed the Iwo Jima back into port. Steam boilers are an integral asset in any manufacturing and processing unit. Before materials science, inspection standards, and quality control caught up with the rapidly growing boiler manufacturing industry, a significant number of boiler explosions were directly traceable to poor design, workmanship, and undetected flaws in poor quality materials. However, its locomotive inheritance was much greater than just the 'A4 Class', it also produced highly successful mixed-traffic and freight designs. Boilers in dry cleaning operations, pressurized steam cleaners in jewelry shops, air compressors used by painters, pressurized air systems used with power hydraulic lifts in auto repair shops, even instrument sterilizers in dentists offices all are capable of causing injury due to explosion. Insufficient ventilation of flammable gases from the steam drum and introduction of hot halogen lamp resulted in a fatal explosion. These typically have better quality and fewer issues than boilers which are site assembled tube-by-tube. This type of failure is not limited to railway engines, as locomotive-type boilers have been used for traction engines, portable engines, skid engines used for mining or logging, stationary engines for sawmills and factories, for heating, and as package boilers providing steam for other processes. The reason for this was that the sudden rush of steam from the boiler into the discharge pipe reduced the pressure in the boiler very rapidly. This practice was satisfactory for the annular joints, running around the boiler, but in longitudinal joints, along the length of the boiler, the overlap of the plates diverted the boiler cross-section from its ideal circular shape. +9120 - 66308333 +91 97654 92017 -Dana Corporation, Paris Tennessee, 400 Hp fire-tube boiler explosion 6/19/2007. Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is Copyright 2009-2022, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Whole houses can be leveled. A boiler explosion is a catastrophic failure of a boiler.There are two types of boiler explosions. The Use of Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy in Clinical Hyberbaric Medicine, Thermally Induced Stress Cycling (Thermal Shock) in Firetube Boilers, Top Ten Boiler and Combustion Safety Issues to Avoid, Typical Improper Repairs of Safety Valves, Wasted Superheat Converted to Hot, Sanitary Water, Water Maintenance Essential to Prevent Boiler Scaling, Welding Consideration for Pressure Relief Valves. The NBR 224 and 420 Classes consisted of six steam locomotives of the 4-4-0 wheel arrangement built by the North British Railway (NBR) in 1871 and 1873. In response to a brewery explosion, a private society is founded to offer boiler inspections to its members. for two views of the exploded boiler, attributed to low water pressure and a defective safety valve. In Manchester, the "Association for the Prevention of Steam Boiler Explosions, and for effecting Economy in the Raising and Use of Steam" is formed and, eschewing direct regulation, advocates creation of trained inspectors. At least eight killed, 15 injured in boiler explosion at chemical factory in UP's Hapur At least eight workers died and 15 were injured when a boiler exploded at a chemical factory in western Uttar Pradesh's Hapur district on Saturday afternoon, police said. The majority of locomotive explosions are firebox explosions caused by such crown sheet uncovering.[21]. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "List of boiler explosions". -Givaudan Corporation, Delawanna Avenue, Clifton, New Jersey: Portable Fire Tube Boiler Explosion (1990s) -Ford's River Rouge Plant, Dearborn, Michigan, Gas Boiler explosion, 6 killed 2/1/1999. Check the flame failure detection system. Early examples were spring-loaded, but John Ramsbottom invented a tamper-proof valve which was universally adopted. In this case, when the hot-water heater is connected to the city water supply on one side and the building hot-water service on the other, the check valve will shut off and no back pressure will go into the city side. Often referred to as "necking", this type of corrosion can reduce the strength of the staybolts until they are incapable of supporting the firebox at normal pressure. All of this is due to the power unleashed in a shock wave of energy as the pressure vessel explodes. 0111400. Cookie policy. If the boiler contains liquid water, at a temp above it's natural boiling point, additional energy is released as it flashes into steam and rapidly expands. In most cases, the following situations are what will cause a boiler to explode: Too high pressure Overheating Weak outer shell or other boiler components It also built the world-famous 4472 'Flying Scotsman'. This can greatly enlarge the original rupture, or tear the shell in two.[11]. There are two types of boiler explosions. The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) 4ft Shunter was a class of 0-4-0ST steam locomotives. And that is exactly what the National Board views as a primary goal. The SS Sultana in Helena, Arkansas, April 26, 1865 a day before her destruction by a boiler explosion. A steam locomotive operating at 350psi (2,400kPa) would have a temperature of about 225C (437F), and a specific enthalpy of 963.7kJ/kg (437.1kJ/lb). The effect of the force from the explosion is often much greater than the boiler combustion chamber can withstand. Flight Propulsion Laboratory Department, General Electric Company, Idaho Falls, Idaho", "Small model boiler explosion video Home Model Engine Machinist", "The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. Email: enquiry@rakhoh.com, RAKHOH BOILERS Due to the constant expansion and contraction of the firebox a similar form of "stress corrosion" can take place at the ends of staybolts where they enter the firebox plates, and is accelerated by poor water quality. But a properly installed and maintained safety valve is not a universal feature of pressurized vessels. ; Series 1 Volume 49 (Part I)", "The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. The key to a high pressure boiler is the amount of . Summary:This article was originally published in theWinter 1996 National Board BULLETIN. The primary reason for them is a faulty pressure relief valve. EXPLOSIONS OF STEAM BOILERS. It is noteworthy that 122 of these were in the 19th century and only 15 in the 20th century. - Misfiring - Overheating of boiler due to loss of water circulation The cracks offered a starting point for internal corrosion, which could hasten failure. One type is a failure of the pressure parts of the steam and water sides. Several accounts of the SL-1 experimental reactor accident vividly describe the incredibly powerful effect of water hammer on a pressure vessel: "The expansion caused by this heating process caused water hammer as water was accelerated upwards toward the reactor vessel head, producing approximately 10,000 pounds per square inch (69,000 kPa) of pressure on the head of the reactor vessel when water struck the head at 160 feet per second (50m/s) This extreme form of water hammer propelled control rods, shield plugs, and the entire reactor vessel upward. If neglected, corrosion and scaling cause weakening of boiler metal and the welds that seal the tank. This usually causes no damage in locomotive type boilers, but can cause cracks in masonry boiler settings if allowed to continue. 1. Provided for the inspection of steam boilers in and around, The first boiler insurance company in the U.S. is established in. -1840 Henry R. Worthington invented boiler feed pump.. -1887 Robert Henry Thurston's book Steam Boiler Explosions in Theory, and in Practice is published. Steam Boiler Safety: Reckless management is the main cause of accidents. Boiler Explosions" (For Years 1875-1876), Letter To The Secretary Of The Treasury, On The History and Causes of Steamboat Explosions And The Means Of Prevention, Steam-Boiler Explosions In Theory And In Practice, Chapter: The Statistics of Explosions, Safety-Valves: Their History, Antecedents, Invention and Calculation, On the Explosion of One of the Boilers of the Union Steam Packet, at Hull. Another type of explosion is caused by superheated liquid. Oil fumes, natural gas, propane, coal, or any other fuel can build up inside the combustion chamber. -Staten Island Ferry, Westfield II, FT boiler explosion: July 30, 1871. To learn more about our products and services, visit www.rakhoh.com, Your email address will not be published. The initial use of the fusible plug was as a safety precaution against low water levels in steam engine boilers, but later applications extended its use to other closed vessels, such as air conditioning systems and tanks for transporting corrosive or liquefied petroleum gasses. A steam explosion can occur in any kind of a water heater, where a sufficient amount of energy is delivered and the steam created exceeds the strength of the vessel. Between 1880 and 1890 there were over 2000 boiler explosions in the United States. Boiler explosions are usually the result of over pressurization, due to failure of pressure relief devices, overheating, due to low water level, or mechanical failure of a deteriorated boiler. 140985.01. 0-7153-8305-1 . BOILER ACCESSORIES, THERMIC FLUID HEATERS & SPECIALTY FABRICATION. This article contains a list of steam boiler explosions such as railway locomotive, marine transport (military and civilian), and stationary power. 3. The cause was traced to a poorly executed repair to the shell of one boiler; the patch failed, and debris from that boiler ruptured two more. [25] 2010 February 7,2010 Connecticut power plant explosion. On land-based boilers, explosions of the pressure systems happened regularly in stationary steam boilers in the Victorian era, but are now very rare because of the various protections provided, and because of regular inspections compelled by governmental and industry requirements. An estimated 1,549 passengers were killed when three of the ship's four boilers exploded and the Sultana burned and sank not far from Memphis, Tennessee. Because the double-thickness overlap was stronger than the surrounding metal, the repeated bending and release caused by the variations in boiler pressure caused internal cracks, or grooves (deep pitting), along the length of the joint. When the heat delivery is sufficiently rapid, a localized superheating can occur, resulting in a water hammer destroying the vessel. Between 1880 and 1890 there were over 2,000 boiler explosions in the United States. There are two primary reasons that commonly cause boiler explosions. Fireboxes were generally made of copper, though later locomotives had steel fireboxes. The vessel is also impacted by damaged safety valves or water hammer. -Givaudan Corporation, Delawanna Avenue, Clifton, New Jersey: Portable Fire Tube Boiler Explosion (1990s). [13] Since standard pressure saturated water has a specific enthalpy of just 418.91kJ/kg (190.01kJ/lb),[14] the difference between the two specific enthalpies, 544.8kJ/kg (247.1kJ/lb), is the total energy expended in the explosion. In addition, the construction must adhere to strict engineering guidelines set by the relevant authorities. Melt down This is a result of the heating surface metal reaching its melting point. -SS Helen McGregor, Boiler Explosion, Memphis, TN, February 1830. Over the years, various estimates of the potential energy of a boiler or pressure-vessel explosion have been presented, with the intent of demonstrating the danger of this equipment if not properly maintained. Locomotive Boiler Explosion . Instead, the length of wood indicates the area of the leak or, preferably, the clear path around the leak and the personnel can be shown a path to safety. I have no idea whether 4240's tender survived. One of them is the failure of pressure parts of the steam and waterside. Newton Abbot . One of the first investigators of the problem was William Fairbairn, who helped establish the first insurance company dealing with the losses such explosions could cause. Frontline Worker Pay website|Payment FAQs, program report, tax return information. So when water or a similar dense liquid that normally needs one cubic foot for containment suddenly needs 1,600 cubic feet, explosion occurs. -1840 Henry R. Worthington invented boiler feed pump.. -1887 Robert Henry Thurston's book Steam Boiler Explosions in Theory, and in Practice is published, Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 10, Number 1456, 24 November 1855 p.2, col.5, Huddersfield Chronicle, 17 Dec 1873, p4, printed in Huddersfield, England, Lincolnshire Echo, 24 Aug 1907, p4, col3, printed in Lincoln, England, Directors minutes of North Lonsdale Ironworls Co, BDB47 box 16 at CRO, Barrow, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 01:53, Learn how and when to remove this template message, New York Telephone Company building explosion, The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company, Gesellschaft zur berwachung und Versicherung von Dampfkesseln, "Explosion of a Steam Packet Boiler at Hull", "Abstract of the evidence at the inquest relating to the explosion of the boiler of the "Union" steam packet at Hull", "On the Explosion of One of the Boilers of the Union Steam Packet, at Hull. The Midland Railway Class 2 4-4-0 was a series of 12 classes of 4-4-0 steam locomotives built by and for the Midland Railway between 1876 and 1901 while Samuel W. Johnson held the post of locomotive superintendent. "The records kept by the Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company show that 170 steam boilers exploded in the United States last year, killing 259 persons and injuring 555. Once the lower explosive limit (LEL) is reached, any source of ignition will cause an explosion of the vapors. Of course, a properly functioning pressure and temperature relief valve would prevent such a failure. [15] It was eventually found that this internal corrosion could be reduced by using plates of sufficient size so that no joints were situated below the water level. This may be due to one of two causes: Either the boiler is not strong enough to safely carry its proper working pressure, or else the pressure has been allowed to rise above the usual point by the sticking of the safety valves, or some similar cause"[4]. By 1890, some 100,000 boilers were in service, many of them unsafe. -1840 Henry R. Worthington invented boiler feed pump.. -1887 Robert Henry Thurston's book Steam Boiler Explosions in Theory, and in Practice is published. On the other hand, their operators are occasionally guilty of rigging the wiring or controls intended to prevent potentially explosive operational problems. But the highly destructive mechanism of water hammer in boiler explosions was understood long before then, as D. K. Clark wrote on 10 February 1860, in a letter to the editors of "Mechanics Magazine": "The sudden dispersion and projection of the water in the boiler against the bounding surfaces of the boiler is the great cause of the violence of the results: the dispersion, being caused by the momentary generation of steam throughout the mass of the water, and in its efforts to escape, it carries the water before it, and the combined momentum of the steam and the water carries them like shot through and amongst the bounding surfaces, and deforms or shatters them in a manner not to be accounted for by simple overpressure or by simple momentum of steam. Corrosion along the edges of lap joints was a common cause of early boiler explosions. There are many causes for boiler explosions such as poor water treatment causing scaling and over heating of the plates, low water level, a stuck safety valve, or even a furnace explosion that in turn, if severe enough, can cause a boiler explosion. For most of this century, the public, law enforcement agencies, emergency response teams, and industry standards groups have looked to the National Board for assistance in setting guidelines for boiler safety. Someone at a safe peripheral location at the incident scene cautiously holds up a broom handle or 2- by 4-inch board and waves it across the breach where the invisible but searing steam might be. 224 had three claims to fame: it was the first inside-cylinder 4-4-0 engine to run in Great Britain; it was the locomotive involved in the Tay Bridge disaster; and after rebuilding in 1885, it was the only compound-expansion locomotive on the NBR, and one of just three tandem compounds in Britain. A catastrophic explosion of a high-pressure vessel at a St. Louis, Mo. As steam pressure exceeds the boiler design, it results in a hazardous explosion that severely harms the vicinity and the safety of the operating team. A boiler explosion is a catastrophic failure of a boiler. Here the increase in volume is a factor of approximately 1,600 to 1. Check the low fire start interlock. Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 10, Number 1456, 24 November 1855 p.2, col.5, Huddersfield Chronicle, 17 Dec 1873, p4, printed in Huddersfield, England, Lincolnshire Echo, 24 Aug 1907, p4, col3, printed in Lincoln, England, Directors minutes of North Lonsdale Ironworls Co, BDB47 box 16 at CRO, Barrow, Learn how and when to remove this template message, New York Telephone Company building explosion, The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company, Gesellschaft zur berwachung und Versicherung von Dampfkesseln, "Explosion of a Steam Packet Boiler at Hull", "Abstract of the evidence at the inquest relating to the explosion of the boiler of the "Union" steam packet at Hull", "On the Explosion of One of the Boilers of the Union Steam Packet, at Hull. What Should You Do Before Starting Boilers After Summer Lay-Up. Preventing catastrophic failure of any boiler or pressure vessel has always been a concern of the National Board. Specification of Rupture Disk Burst Pressure, Steam Traps Affect Boiler Plant Efficiency, Steps to Safety: Guide for Restarting Boilers After Summer Lay-Up, Stress Corrosion Cracking of Steel in Liquefied Ammonia Service - A Recapitulation, System Design, Specifications, Operation, and Inspection of Deaerators, Temperature And Pressure Relief Valves Often Overlooked, Temperature Considerations for Pressure Relief Valve Application, The Authorized Inspector's Responsibility for Dimensional Inspection, The Effects of Erosion-Corrosion on Power Plant Piping.